y <- c( 495, 541, 1461, 1555, 1603, 2201, 2750, 3468, 3516, 4319, 6622, 7728, 13159, 21194 ) lambda.true <- mean( y ) n <- length( y ) p.grid <- ( ( 1:n ) - 0.5 ) / n set.seed( 1 ) y.star <- rexp( n, 1 / lambda.true ) lambda.hat.star <- mean( y.star ) plot( - lambda.hat.star * log( 1 - p.grid ), sort( y.star ), type = 'l', xlab = 'Exponential Quantiles', ylab = 'Sorted y Values', xlim = c( 0, 57500 ), ylim = c( 0, 57500 ), lty = 2 ) M <- 1000 for ( i in 2:M ) { y.star <- rexp( n, 1 / lambda.true ) lambda.hat.star <- mean( y.star ) lines( - lambda.hat.star * log( 1 - p.grid ), sort( y.star ), lty = 2 ) } abline( 0, 1, lwd = 2, col = 'red' ) lines( - lambda.true * log( 1 - p.grid ), sort( y ), lty = 1, lwd = 4, col = 'blue' )